Step 3. The next character to be added is character 3. It is found in its ancestral state in species SG and E, and is derived in the other taxa. Similarly to what we did previously, we’ll try and regroup species possessing the derived state for this character: A, B, C, D, F, G.
In order to create such a group, we will use a fundamental property of cladograms: the fact that we can rearrange the order of branches that are directly connected to a node or branching point (representing a common ancestor). In cladogram 2, species of the ingroup have been ordered by alphabetical order by habit, but it does not represent any actual order within this group. We can rearrange branches to easily visualize the group of species that possess the derived character 3.
Rearranged cladogram 2